• Latitude /ˈlætɪtjuːd/ (n): vĩ độ (the position north or south of the equator measured from 0° to 90°).

Ex: These birds only survive in temperate latitudes.

• Longitude /ˈlɑːndʒɪtuːd/ (n): kinh độ (the distance of a place east or west of the Greenwich meridian, measured in degrees).

Ex: Treating the earth as a sphere, the meridians of longitude are all great circles.

• Altitude /ˈæltɪtjuːd/ (n): độ cao (the height above sea level).

Ex: The plane made a dive to a lower altitude.

• Mainland /ˈmeɪnlənd/ (n): lục địa (belonging to the main area of land of a country or region, not including any islands near to it).

Ex: Hawaii's cost of living is estimated at about 20 percent to 30 percent higher than most mainland communities.

• Meridian /məˈrɪdiən/ (n): kinh tuyến (one of the lines that is drawn from the North Pole to the South Pole on a map of the world).

Ex: The prime meridian of longitude is in Greenwich, London.

• Marsh /mɑːʃ/ (n): đầm lầy (an area of low land that is always soft and wet because there is nowhere for the water to flow away to).

Ex: The land is colonized by various types of marsh vegetation.

• The north pole /ðə ˌnɔːθ ˈpəʊl/ (n): cực bắc (the point on the surface of the earth that is furthest north).

Ex: Air traffic routes over the North Pole are currently used by only two or three planes a day.

• The south pole /ðə ˌsaʊθ ˈpəʊl/ (n): cực nam (the point of the earth that is furthest south).

Ex: Travelers are likely to have some fresh experiences and unforgettable memories when visiting uncommon areas such as South pole.

• Parallel /ˈpærəlel/ (n): vĩ tuyến (an imaginary line around the earth that is always the same distance from the equator; this line on a map).

Ex: Cambridge lies near the 52nd parallel.

• Peninsula /pəˈnɪnsjələ/ (n): bán đảo (an area of land that is almost surrounded by water but is joined to a larger piece of land).

Ex: The Sinai Peninsula is a desert region between the Red Sea and Mediterranean Sea.

• Rain forest /ˈreɪnfɒrɪst/ (n): rừng mưa nhiệt đới (a thick forest in tropical parts of the world that have a lot of rain)

Ex: The Amazon river basin contains the world's largest tropical rainforest.