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PART 4

Questions 31 – 40

Complete the notes below.

Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.

Stoicism

Stoicism is still relevant today because of its 31 ………………… appeal.

Ancient Stoics

●   Stoicism was founded over 2,000 years ago in Greece.

●   The Stoics’ ideas are surprisingly well known, despite not being intended for 32 …………………

Stoic principles

●   Happiness could be achieved by leading a virtuous life.

●   Controlling emotions was essential.

●   Epictetus said that external events cannot be controlled but the 33 ………………… people make in response can be controlled.

●   A Stoic is someone who has a different view on experiences which others would consider as 34 ………………… .

The influence of Stoicism

●   George Washington organised a 35 ………………… about Cato to motivate his men.

●   The French artist Delacroix was a Stoic.

●   Adam Smith’s ideas on 36 ………………… were influenced by Stoicism.

●   Some of today’s political leaders are inspired by the Stoics.

●   Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT)

     –  the treatment for 37 ………………… is based on ideas from Stoicism

     –  people learn to base their thinking on 38 ………………… .

●   In business, people benefit from Stoicism by identifying obstacles as 39 ………………… .

Relevance of Stoicism

●   It requires a lot of 40 ………………… but Stoicism can help people to lead a good life.

●   It teaches people that having a strong character is more important than anything else. 

Answer

31   practical

32   publication

33   choices

34   negative

35   play

36   capitalism

37   depression

38   logic

39   opportunity

40   practice / practise