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SECTION 4

Questions 31-40

Complete the notes below.

Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.

The history of weather forecasting

Ancient cultures

• many cultures believed that floods and other disasters were involved in the creation of the world
• many cultures invented 31………………… and other ceremonies to make the weather gods friendly
• people needed to observe and interpret the sky to ensure their 32………………….
• around 650 BC, Babylonians started forecasting, using weather phenomena such as 33………………….
• by 300 BC, the Chinese had a calendar made up of a number of 34…………………. connected with the weather

Ancient Greeks

• a more scientific approach
• Aristotle tried to explain the formation of various weather phenomena
• Aristotle also described haloes and 35…………………..

Middle Ages

• Aristotle’s work considered accurate
• many proverbs, e.g. about the significance of the colour of the 36…………………., passed on accurate information.

15th-19th centuries

• 15th century: scientists recognised value of 37…………………. for the first time
• Galileo invented the 38………………….
• Pascal showed relationship between atmospheric pressure and altitude
• from the 17th century, scientists could measure atmospheric pressure and temperature
• 18th century: Franklin identified the movement of 39…………………..
• 19th century: data from different locations could be sent to the same place by 40…………………

Answer

31. dances

32. survival

33. clouds

34. festivals

35. comets

36. sky

37. instruments

38. thermometer

39. storms

40. telegraph